The BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis (TB). Here are some key points about the BCG vaccine in newborns: *Benefits of the BCG Vaccine* 1. *Protection against TB*: The BCG vaccine provides protection against severe forms of TB, such as TB meningitis and miliary TB. 2. *Reduced risk of complications*: The vaccine can reduce the risk of complications from TB, such as brain damage and death. *When is the BCG Vaccine Given?* 1. *At birth*: In many countries, the BCG vaccine is given to newborns at birth, typically within the first few days of life. 2. *In high-risk areas*: In areas with high TB prevalence, the vaccine may be given at birth or in early childhood. *Safety and Side Effects* 1. *Generally safe*: The BCG vaccine is generally safe and well-tolerated. 2. *Common side effects*: Common side effects include redness, swelling, and ulceration at the injection site. 3. *Rare side effects*: Rare side effects include allergic reactions, abscesses, and osteitis (inflammation of the bone). *Additional Information* 1. *Boosters*: The BCG vaccine typically requires a single dose, but boosters may be recommended in some cases. 2. *Effectiveness*: The BCG vaccine is estimated to be 70-80% effective against severe forms of TB. 3. *Duration of protection*: The vaccine's protection against TB can last for 10-15 years or more. It's essential to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice on the BCG vaccine for your newborn. Dr.Palla I. B. Consultant pediatrician in katraj gangadham road kondhwa